macrocopa during its invasions outside the native Palearctic range following introduction into the American continent.
Here, we characterize the variations in the climatic niche of M. Moina macrocopa, a stress-tolerant cladoceran widely used in bioassays and aquaculture, is spreading in temporary and semi-temporary natural ponds outside its natural range. Non-native species' introductions have increased in the last decades primarily due to anthropogenic causes such as climate change and globalization of trade. Together, these results add perspective to longstanding debates about the scaling of population- to species-level ecology and micro- to macro-evolution. The stark stasis observed within lineages could suggest niches evolve primarily during speciation, but any signal of such punctuated equilibrium was undetectable statistically with the small phylogenetic tree and large variance within and between species. across an evolutionary tree of macroperforate planktonic foraminifera. The final study explored relative niche change within lineages vs. Species conserved abiotic niches over the Middle–Late Pleistocene study interval, suggesting marine species will track preferred environments rather than adapt to Anthropogenic climate warming. migrate in response to glacial–interglacial climate fluctuations. The second study estimated the degree to which plankton modulate thermal preferences vs. Contrary to the prediction of competitive exclusion, brachiopod and bivalve distributions were invariant to inferred biotic pressure, while habitat type and lineage age had detectable effects on range expansion or contraction on the scale of geologic stages across the Phanerozoic. The first empirical study appraised the hypothesis that competition restricts geographic distributions at the species level, and thus taxa are more widespread when in the presence of fewer competitors, such as after mass extinction events. For three fundamental hypotheses in evolutionary ecology, I compared patterns of natural experiments from the fossil record against expectations from theory.
#Modern daymap of north america in 1784 drivers
This dissertation statistically investigated putative biotic and abiotic drivers of ecological characteristics over the spatial scale of ocean basins and temporal scale of millennia to millions of years. As such, our results reinforce the application of ecological niche modelling techniques to the reconstruction of Pleistocene biodiversity distribution patterns, and to project the future potential distribution range of species in the face of global-scale climatic changes.
The output for each time period was projected onto the ‘other’ time period, and tested using independent known occurrence information from that period.Results The result of our analyses was that all species tested showed general conservatism in ecological characteristics over the climate changes associated with the Pleistocene-to-Recent transition.Main conclusions This analysis constitutes a further demonstration of general and pervasive conservatism in ecological niche characteristics over moderate periods of time despite profound changes in climate and environmental conditions. These data were incorporated into ecological niche models based on present-day and LGM climatological summaries available from the Palaeoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project to produce predicted potential geographic distributions for each species at present and at the LGM. Aim To provide a test of the conservatism of a species’ niche over the last 20,000 years by tracking the distribution of eight pollen taxa relative to climate type as they migrated across eastern North America following the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM).Location North America.Methods We drew taxon occurrence data from the North American pollen records in the Global Pollen Database, representing eight pollen types – all taxa for which ≥5 distinct geographic occurrences were available in both the present day and at the LGM (21,000 years ago ± 3000 years).
0 kommentar(er)
